Improvement in harrows



J. H. FRENCH.

Harrow.

Patented May 10, 1859- N. PHERS, PNOTD-LIYNOGRAPNER, WASHINGTON. D. C.

' UNrrnn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J. H. FRENCH, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN HARROWS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 23,9 [4, dated May 10, 1859.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J. H. FRENCH, of the city of Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga and State of New York, have invented anew and Improved Mode of Making or Constructing Harrows; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact ,description thereof, reference heinghad to the accompanying drawings, and to theletters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in making barrows of three triangles so connected or coupled together that the harrow will always conform to the shape of the surface of the ground, whether smooth or uneven, and in such a manner as to secure strength with lightness and prevent the harrow from clogging.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

I construct the frames of my harrow of wrought or cast iron or of wood, making the entire frame to consist of three equilateral or isosceles triangles, as shown in Figure l of the accompanying drawings. If the frames are of wrought-iron, I construct them as follows: I take a bar of iron of the required width and thickness and of sufficient length to make one triangle, which must be equal to the sum of the lengths of the sides of the triangle ofthe required size, as K L, Fig. III, and, layingofl' the required bevel at the proper distances for two of the angles or corners of the triangles, as at Mg and N h, I turn or fold the iron over at these two points, giving the part L M the direction M O and the part K N the direction N 0, the ends of the bar K L meeting at the point 0, thus forming an isosceles or an equilateral triangle, according as two or all the sides are equal in length.

1 make all the frames in the same manner, the only difference in the construction of the three triangles composing one harrow being as follows:

First. In each of the trianglesin Fig. Ithe sides B U, E F, and H J cross the other sides of their respective triangles above those sides.

The triangle A B C is riveted or bolted at A,-

while the triangle D E F may be rivetedor bolted at the angle where the two ends of the bar meet and require to be united. The other angles require no bolts, as the strain of the teeth when in use tends to draw the parts more closely together.

Second. At the frontangle, A, of theforwa-rd triangle, A B 0, Fig. I, I either make or attach a hook or some other convenience for hitching to or drawing by, as shown at the front of this triangle. In turning or forming the triangle A B 0, Fig. I, I fold into the cornersB and O a link, hook, or some other convenient coupling, as a or b, Fig. II. The forms shown in this figure, being very cheap and convenient, are preferable to any others. Into the corners D and G of the triangles D E F and G H J, Fig. I, I folda corresponding coupling, as a or I), Fig. II. These couplings are shown hitched or attached together at B D and O G, Fig. I; or, instead of the couplings herein described, I use any other coupling that will answer the same purpose. Iattach the corners F and H of the triangles D E F and G H J, Fig. I, together by a coup ling shaped like 0, Fig. II, the hooks at the ends of the coupling passing through holes in the frames, as shown at F and H; or I connect these corners by my other coupling that will give the required strength and articulation, and at the same time keep these two triangles at the proper distance apart, their tend-- ency being to crowd each other.

Third. Iputintoaharrowanynumberofteeth required, so distributing them among the three triangles as to give to each triangle about an equal number, and I distribute the teeth in such a way that no two teeth shall cut in the same mark when the harrow is drawn in a straightli-ne. This will readily be seen by referring to Fig. I.

I make the teeth of my harrowof square or round'iron or steel, or both combined, and of about the shape shown by d, Fig. II, each tooth having a shoulder or bearing turned, out, or swaged near the head to prevent the tooth from passing up through the holes in the frame. The teeth are passed through the holes in the frame from theunder side, and are made fast in their places by nuts upon the upper end or head, as shown in Fig. I.

This harrow will conform to the shape of the surface of the ground under all circumstances, is not liable to clog, and is stronger, cheaper, and more durable than any other harrow in 11.36.

the angles with flexible joints or couplings which admit ofthe free vibration of the parts and their ready adaption to the inequalities of the ground, substantially as described.

2. Constructing triangular barrows of me tallic bars or fiat strips of metal by folding over the same at the angles in such a manner that the draft-strain of the teeth upon one side shall counteract that upon the other, and forming thecoupling at the same operation by folding in links or hooks at the angles, no bolts being required to secure them in consequence of the seItZbracing of the parts, as described.

J. H. FRENCH.

Witnesses:

CHAS. H. FARRINGTON, RUFUS RosE. 

